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Understanding Periods

Dear Ladies!
Getting to know about your menstrual cycle can feel empowering! Remember, each phase of the cycle has unique characteristics and changes. Understanding what’s going on can help you connect with your body’s rhythm, manage symptoms, and make the most of each phase.

Through Period Wellness, let’s break down the menstrual cycle into several phases and explore what’s happening inside us during each of these.

Phase 1: Menstruation (Days 1-5)

Welcome to the start of your cycle!

Day one kicks off with your period, which can last anywhere from 3 to 7 days. Note that during this time, the lining of the uterus, which has built up in the previous cycle, sheds through your vagina. This shedding is your body’s natural way of resetting, and it’s what leads to bleeding. For some, periods may be accompanied by physical symptoms like cramps, fatigue, or bloating. This is due to the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that cause the uterus to contract and help with shedding.

Every period is different, and it’s normal for some cycles to be lighter or heavier, shorter or longer, depending on various factors like age, lifestyle, and individual health. During menstruation, gentle movement (like walking or yoga) and staying hydrated can be helpful, along with restful sleep and nourishing foods. It’s perfectly okay to take it easy, be kind to yourself, and prioritize comfort during this time.

Phase 2: Follicular Phase (Days 1-13)

The follicular phase starts on the very first day of your period and continues until ovulation. This phase is all about preparation. Your brain, specifically the pituitary gland, releases a hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which signals your ovaries to get ready. Inside the ovaries, follicles (tiny sacs that each of which contains an egg) start to grow, and one follicle becomes dominant, maturing in preparation for ovulation. At the same time, estrogen levels gradually rise, which thickens the uterine lining to create a supportive environment for a potential pregnancy.

Thanks to the increase in estrogen, you may notice an uptick in energy and focus during this time. Many women find this phase ideal for tackling new projects, setting goals, or enjoying physical activity. Some even notice their skin looking clearer and more radiant, a bonus of those rising estrogen levels! Overall, the follicular phase is all about preparing for what’s to come, and it’s a time of growth and renewal.

Phase 3: Ovulation (Around Day 14)
The ovulation phase is the peak moment of your cycle! Around the middle of the cycle, typically around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers one of the mature eggs to be released from the ovary. This egg travels through the fallopian tube, ready for fertilization. Ovulation only lasts for a short window (usually 12 to 24 hours), but this phase is a significant part of the cycle because it’s the most fertile period.

During ovulation, some of us may feel a slight twinge or ache on one side of the lower abdomen, which is called “mittelschmerz.” You might also notice other changes, such as a slight increase in basal body temperature, heightened sense of smell, or changes in cervical mucus. For many, this phase brings a boost in confidence, sociability, and even a desire to connect more with others. Embracing this natural energy booster can be a great time to try something new, be creative, or take steps towards a goal.

Phase 4: Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)

The luteal phase follows ovulation and is like a “cooling down” period as your body prepares for the next cycle. After releasing the egg, the empty follicle forms what’s known as the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to support a potential pregnancy. This hormone also helps thicken the uterine lining. If the egg isn’t fertilized, the corpus luteum gradually breaks down, and both estrogen and progesterone levels start to fall.

The declining levels of hormones can lead to symptoms known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which may include mood swings, irritability, fatigue, and even food cravings. You’re not alone if you feel more introspective or emotional at this time—many people experience these shifts. Simple, balanced meals, stress management practices, and listening to your body’s needs can be beneficial. For instance, magnesium-rich foods (like leafy greens and nuts) may help with cramping, while drinking enough water can minimize bloating.

The luteal phase is a great time to focus on self-care and reflection. Take this as a cue from your body to slow down and reconnect with your inner self. It’s okay to honour your feelings, be patient with yourself, and embrace this phase as part of your body’s natural rhythm.

How Understanding Each Phase Can Help?

Knowing your cycle isn’t just about tracking your period. It’s a way to understand your body’s natural flow and how each phase can impact your mood, energy, and overall health. By noticing patterns, you can plan activities that match your energy levels, prepare for emotional shifts, and manage symptoms with greater awareness. For example, you might find it helpful to schedule creative tasks during ovulation when you feel more sociable, or prioritize rest and hydration during menstruation.

Some people use apps or journals to track their cycles and symptoms, which can be empowering and insightful. Every woman’s body is different, and what works for one may not work for the other . Exploring your cycle can be a journey, but it’s the one that connects you with your body and its unique rhythm.